Nonconformance vs. Nonconformity

The ISO 9001:2000 standard does not use the term non-conformance. The standard only addresses conforming or non-conforming. These are defined as meeting or not meeting requirements. Non-conformity is the non-fulfillment of a requirement. ISO 9000:2000 does state that the term non-conformance is synonymous with non-conformity but is not the preferred term and is commonly used to refer to non-conformity of product. A defect is also the non-fulfillment of a requirement but has some legal inferences and should be used with caution.

The standard addresses non-conformities in two areas:

1. Section 8.3 relates to non-conformity of product.
2. Sections 8.5.2 and 8.5.3 relates to preventing non-conformities or potential non-conformities.

Although not clearly stated, the difference between the two is as follows:

1. In section 8.3, I am going to get rid of the product non-conformity by rework, repair, or by scraping the product (or by concession).
2. In section 8.5.2 and 8.5.3, I want to correct the process that caused or allowed the non-conformity. This is not only non-conformity related to product but also to non-conformity of the management system and the processes that provide the product or service.

No matter which term is used, remember that corrective action is not concerned with "a" product defect. Corrective action (and preventive action) is directed at processes. If we fix the process, future product non-conformities don't happen.